Feline Leukemia Virus and Immunology Virus

Clinic > News from Dr. D >

What are these diseases?
FelV and FIV are different diseases, but they produce similar symptoms. It is possible for a cat to fight off FelV or FIV in the early stages, but once the viruses are incorporated into the genetics of the animal, it cannot be fought off. FelV and FIV can lay dormant in the system, producing no symptoms for a while. Once FelV and FIV are active, they interfere with the animal's ability to fight off other diseases and to prevent tumors. Therefore the cat is more susceptible to any number of problems. Given enough time, positive cats will usually die of these secondary problems.

How are the viruses spread?
These diseases are transmitted from cat to cat. People, dogs and other animals are not susceptible. In order for a cat to contract these diseases, it must have direct contact with another cat that has them.

How can you detect them?
Since these viruses can be dormant, you can't tell if a cat is free of these diseases by looking at the animal. The best way to screen for Leukemia Virus and Immunology Virus is by a blood test. Since the diseases can be fought off in the early stages, occasionally we will see a weak positive cat that will come up negative later if retested. If the test comes up strongly positive, it is unlikely to change to negative later.

How are they prevented?
Since the diseases are transmitted by direct contact, the best way to prevent them is by keeping your cat away from potentially infected cats. Feline leukemia vaccines used properly can prevent FelV in about 90% of cases. The vaccines are good, but do not give 100% protection. There is no vaccine for FIV. The APA of MO recommends all cats live indoors. Your feline friend will have a longer and healthier life.

If you have any additional questions, please contact your veterinarian or call the APA of Missouri, 314/645-4610, extension 18, during regular clinic hours.